Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42172232›Full record

ArticleACS infectious diseases2026

Sushanta Ratna, Aastha Acharya, Miranda E Roland, Marina P Vasconcelos, Bella R Carnahan, Alex Wang, Arit Ghosh, Abigail Bolt, Jacob Ellis, Stephen N Hyland and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in ACS infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sushanta RatnaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Aastha AcharyaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Miranda E RolandDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Marina P VasconcelosDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Bella R CarnahanDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Alex WangDepartment of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Arit GhoshDelaware Biotechnology Institute, UD Flow Cytometry & Single Cell Core, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Abigail BoltDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Jacob EllisDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.ORCID 0009-0007-6693-6388
Stephen N HylandDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Ashlyn S HillmanDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Joseph M FoxDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8258-1640
April M KloxinDepartment of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4594-2953
M Ramona NeunuebelDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
Catherine Leimkuhler GrimesDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-0586-2879

Funding

Predictive Modeling & Optimal Control Framework for Model-Based Epidemic Response in DelawareP20GM103446 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI Shawn W Polson · 2012 to 2026
$67.2M
This renovation project will create over 1455 sq. ft. of state- of-the-art reseaP20GM104316 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI FOX, JOSEPH M · 2014 to 2024
$26.8M
Understanding synovial macrophage inflamm-aging within osteoarthritisP20GM139760 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI DAWN M ELLIOTT · 2021 to 2026
$19.1M
Pilot Research Subproject ProgramP30GM110758 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI BEEBE, THOMAS PAUL · 2014 to 2018
$5.8M
Toolkit for Fast, Multipurpose and Inducible Bioorthogonal ChemistryR01GM132460 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI JOSEPH M FOX · 2019 to 2026
$4.2M
Chemistry-Biology Interface Predoctoral Training Grant 2024-2029T32GM133395 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI Catherine Leimkuhler Grimes · 2019 to 2026
$3.7M
Unraveling fibrosis with dynamic microenvironments and molecular toolsDP2HL152424 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI KLOXIN, APRIL M · 2019 to 2019
$2.4M
Peptidoglycan Fragment Library to Investigate Innate Immune ResponsesR01AI191445 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI Catherine Leimkuhler Grimes, HANS-CHRISTIAN REINECKER · 2025 to 2026
$1.6M
Metabolic carbohydrate cell wall probes for bacterial structure and immune recognition studiesU01CA221230 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI GRIMES, CATHERINE LEIMKUHLER · 2017 to 2019
$1.1M
Host proteins that interact with the BCG cell envelopeR21AI163949 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST · PI GRIMES, CATHERINE LEIMKUHLER, SIEGRIST, MARY SLOAN · 2021 to 2022
$432k
NCI NIH HHS U01 CA221230NHLBI NIH HHS DP2 HL152424NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI191445NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI163949NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103446NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM104316NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM139760NIGMS NIH HHS P30 GM110758NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM132460NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM133395
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacterial cells are surrounded by a dynamic cell wall which is made up of a mesh-like peptidoglycan (PG) layer that provides the cell with structural integrity and resilience. In Gram-positive bacteria, this layer is thick and robust, whereas in Gram-negative bacteria, it is thinner and flexible as the cell is supported by an additional outer membrane. PG undergoes continuous turnover, with degradation products being recycled to maintain cell wall homeostasis. Some Gram-negative species can bypass de novo PG biosynthesis, relying instead on PG recycling to sustain growth and division.

Indexed as

Bacterial ProteinsLegionella pneumophilaMacrophagesPeptidoglycanAnimalsCell WallLegionnaires' DiseaseMiceVirulenceBacterial ProteinsPeptidoglycanbacterial pathogenesiskinaseLegionnaire’s diseaseN-acetylmuramic acid probespeptidoglycanvirulence

Identifiers

PMID42172232
PMCPMC13242703

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.