ReviewHepatology international2026
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in Child-Turcotte-Pugh-B cirrhosis: a liver-centric approach to outcomes beyond tumor progression.
Review in Hepatology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes in Child-Turcotte-Pugh A (CTP-A) cirrhosis. However, 30-40% of real-world advanced HCC cases involve CTP-B cirrhosis, yet are excluded from pivotal trials, representing a substantial unmet need.
methodsImmunotherapy for CTP-B HCC has not yet been comprehensively reviewed. This narrative review summarizes the latest evidence on ICIs in CTP-B HCC through January 2026, evaluating ICI efficacy, safety, and patient selection algorithms across CTP-B subclasses. We present a balanced perspective on pre-ICI portal hypertension screening/prophylaxis, decompensation triggers/recompensation strategies, immune-mediated hepatitis differentiation, locoregional therapy sequencing, and transplant-bridging risks with ICI in the CTP-B patient population.
resultsICIs demonstrate modest efficacy with tolerable safety in well-selected CTP-B7-B8 HCC patients, but require liver-centric considerations to mitigate the risk of decompensation. We propose liver-centric trial endpoints and a multidisciplinary (oncology-hepatology-transplant) framework to improve outcomes in this hard-to-treat population, and to include CTP-B HCC patients in clinical trials to address evidence gaps.
conclusionsThis review provides comprehensive guidance on ICIs for CTP-B HCC, identifying key clinical practices and knowledge gaps to inform real-world use and future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42171974What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.