Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42171963›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Stephanie Chi Wing Chow, Yuliang Wang, Oscar Lok Kan Leung, Leticia Shiting Liang, Man Ting Soo, Khair Jalal, Siu Chun Mabel Wong, Tatia Mei Chun Lee, Winnie Wan Yee Tso

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Stephanie Chi Wing Chow *Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Yuliang Wang *Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Oscar Lok Kan LeungDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Leticia Shiting LiangDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Man Ting SooDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Khair JalalDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Siu Chun Mabel WongDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Tatia Mei Chun LeeLaboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
Winnie Wan Yee TsoDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. wytso@hku.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5859-015X

Funding

The Society for the Relief of Disabled Children The Society for the Relief of Disabled Children
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study investigated the risk of ASD and ADHD in children who have survived hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), one of the common conditions during birth resulting in neonatal brain injury.

methodsA population-based cohort study analyzed electronic medical records of term infants with HIE born in public hospital in Hong Kong from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2018 with followed-up until 31st Dec 2024. The association of HIE with ADHD and ASD was examined using log-binomial regression models adjusting sequentially for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES).

resultsA total of 533,230 children were included of which 349 cases had a diagnosis of HIE. Compared to children without history of HIE, the RR of ADHD in children with HIE was 1.94 (CI 1.40-2.68, p < 0.001) in the unadjusted model, 1.83 (CI 1.32, 2.52, p < 0.001) when adjusting for age & sex, and 1.84 (CI 1.34, 2.55, p < 0.001) when adjusting for age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES). The relationship between ASD and HIE did not reach statistical significance, RR = 1.58 (p = 0.08, CI 0.93, 2.68) adjusted for age, sex and SES. A significant interaction effect was found between HIE and the age of mothers, the RR of ADHD was 4.25 (CI 2.14, 8.46) in mothers under 24 years of age.

conclusionChildren with HIE, especially those born to younger mothers, were associated with elevated risk of ADHD. The relationship between ASD and HIE remained inconclusive, suggesting the need for further research to clarify this potential association.

Indexed as

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAutism spectrum disorderBrain injuryDevelopmentHypoxic-Ischemic encephalopathy

Identifiers

PMID42171963

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.