ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026
Long-Term Outcomes in Stiff Person Spectrum Disorder.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stiff Person Syndrome: Bridging Neuroimmunology and Rehabilitation for Improved Patient Outcomes.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in neuroimmune diseases: mechanistic rationale, clinical experience, and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLong-term outcome data for stiff person spectrum disorder (SPSD) remain limited and sustained response to treatment varies.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with probable or definite SPSD (Mayo Clinic criteria), evaluated at Mayo Clinic (12/1995-07/2024) with ≥ 5 years of follow-up after diagnosis. Primary outcome measures included the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and use of gait aids.
resultsFifty-four patients were included, 41 (76%) were female; median age at onset was 45 years (16-78). Most were antibody-positive (51 [94%]), with high-titer (serum, ≥ 20 nmol/L) GAD65-IgG in 45 (83%). Nine patients had a stiff-limb presentation (17%). The median interval from onset to diagnosis was 2 years (0-34), and median follow-up was 9 years (5-26). Most patients (46 [85%]) received immune therapy; 37 (82%) reported improvement. All patients had significant impairment (mRS ≥ 2) at nadir, with 31 (57%) losing functional independence (mRS ≥ 3) and 40 (75%) requiring bilateral gait assistance. The median time from onset to nadir was 6 years (0-39). At last follow-up, most (37 [69%]) were functionally independent (mRS ≤ 2), including 8 (15%) with minimal restrictions (mRS ≤ 1). Bilateral gait assistance was needed in 22 (41%). Among 40 patients with ≥ 10 years of follow-up, 22 (56%) had an mRS ≤ 2 and 25 (63%) required a gait aid at last follow-up. Poor outcome in this population was associated with bilateral gait assistance at nadir and older age (p < 0.05).
conclusionsAlthough over half of SPSD patients lose functional independence at disease nadir, many regain independence and achieve well-controlled symptoms.
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