Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42170947›Full record

ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2026

Previous COVID-19 Vaccination Modulates Type I Interferon and Natural Killer Cell Responses During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Luca Maddaloni, Valentina Tirelli, Ginevra Bugani, Letizia Santinelli, Matteo Fracella, Mario Picozza, Eugenio N Cavallari, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Guido Antonelli, Claudio M Mastroianni and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Luca MaddaloniDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9670-3135
Valentina TirelliCore Facilities, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Ginevra BuganiDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Letizia SantinelliDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Matteo FracellaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Mario PicozzaCore Facilities, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Eugenio N CavallariDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Giancarlo CeccarelliDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5921-3180
Guido AntonelliDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Claudio M MastroianniDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Carolina ScagnolariDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1044-1478
Gabriella d'EttorreDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3571-5677

Funding

EU funding within the NextGeneration EU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases PE00000007, INF-ACT
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on innate immunity is not well understood. However, it has played a pivotal role in reducing COVID-19 severity and mortality. Recent findings have revealed that vaccine efficacy is influenced not only by the effective activation of adaptive immunity, but also by the modulation of innate immunity. This cross-sectional study evaluates the natural killer (NK) cell response and its relationship with type I interferon (IFN-I) gene expression in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who had previously received the anti-spike vaccine, as well as in unvaccinated patients. Vaccinated individuals showed a higher frequency of NK CD56

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesInterferon Type IKiller Cells, NaturalSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedCD56 AntigenCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateMaleMiddle AgedVaccinationCD56 AntigenCOVID-19 VaccinesInterferon Type ICOVID‐19 vaccineIFN‐Iinnate immunityNK cellsSARS‐CoV‐2

Identifiers

PMID42170947
PMCPMC13240573

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.