Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42170274›Full record

ArticleTranslational lung cancer research2026

Distinct mutation landscape with similar immune microenvironment in primary simultaneous operable squamous cell carcinoma and peripheral-type small-cell lung cancer.

Xiaoke Chen, Liqiang Qian, Jia Huang, Wei Mao, Jiaxin Zhong, Xiaoling Weng, Ting Wang, Zhengping Ding, Yun Liu, Fatao Liu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational lung cancer research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiaoke Chen *Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Liqiang Qian *Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jia Huang *Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wei MaoDepartment of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jiaxin ZhongDepartment of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoling WengShanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
Ting WangShanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
Zhengping DingDepartment of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yun LiuShanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
Fatao LiuShanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
Xiaomin NiuDepartment of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Patients with both primary simultaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) and peripheral-type small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) are extremely rare clinically, and an in-depth molecular characterization and tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis are urgently needed. This study aimed to characterize the mutational landscape, epigenetic features, and immune microenvironment of simultaneous primary SQ and peripheral-type SCLC in operable patients. Methods: This single-center study included three surgically treated patients with simultaneous ipsilateral early-stage primary SQ and peripheral-type SCLC at Shanghai Chest Hospital during 2017-2019, with follow-up through 2024. Clinical data were obtained from medical records, and primary SQ, primary SCLC, metastatic lymph node, and paired normal tissues were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing, DNA methylation profiling, and multiplex immunofluorescence. Results: Mutations in primary SQ and SCLC showed obvious mutual exclusion and clear evolutionary relationships with the corresponding metastatic lymphadenectases. Genes mutated in the lymphadenectases were enriched mainly in ECM-related functional terms. DNA methylation profiling revealed overlapping and unique different methylated regions (DMRs) in SQ and SCLC and predicted similar TMEs in primary SQ and SCLC. More immune infiltration in metastatic lymphadenectases was predicted by DNA methylation profiling than in primary lung tumors (SQ and SCLC) and similar results were validated by the results of mIF. DNA methylation profiling and mIF results further revealed that there were more immune cells in the metastatic lymph nodes from two patients with SCLC with better overall survival compared to those from one patient with SQ. Conclusions: In summary, these results provide a theoretical basis for the occurrence and treatment of this type of rare tumor pair.

Indexed as

distinct mutation landscapesImmune microenvironmentmultiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs)small-cell lung cancer (SCLC)squamous cell carcinoma (SQ)

Identifiers

PMID42170274
PMCPMC13186663

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.