Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42170019›Full record

ArticleNational science review2026

Heating- and leaching-free separation of electrodes by liquid metals for regeneration of spent Li-ion batteries.

Mingjin Cui, Zhicheng Tian, Yongqing Gong, Bo Xu, Qingtao Gu, Hanjun Li, Xuyang Zhang, Menghao Yang, Ping He, Shixue Dou and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in National science review, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Mingjin CuiInstitute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Zhicheng TianNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nano Technology, Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Yongqing GongShanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.
Bo XuInstitute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Qingtao GuInstitute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Hanjun LiNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nano Technology, Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Xuyang ZhangNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nano Technology, Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Menghao YangCollege of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Ping HeNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nano Technology, Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-8203
Shixue DouInstitute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Yu DingNational Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Nano Technology, Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-9584

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Efficient separation of aluminum (Al) foil from cathode materials is a key prerequisite for recycling spent Li-ion batteries. Current strategies, relying on thermal treatment or aggressive leaching, suffer from high energy consumption and adverse environmental effects. Here, we present a liquid-metal-induced electrode-separation approach free from heating or leaching. The liquid metal disrupts the passivation layer of the Al and permeates its grain boundaries, enabling the rapid and efficient detachment of active materials. Our combined experimental and computational investigations reveal that the high binding energy between GaSn atoms and the (110) surface of Al drives this grain-boundary diffusion, establishing a foundation for sustainable electrode separation. This approach is universally applicable to widely used cathodes materials, including LiNi

Indexed as

heating-free separationleaching-free separationLi-ion batteriesliquid metalsregeneration

Identifiers

PMID42170019
PMCPMC13188993

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.