ArticleJournal of gastrointestinal oncology2026
Peripheral regulatory T cells trajectory predicts progression-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients during on-demand transarterial chemoembolization using joint model: a prospective study.
Article in Journal of gastrointestinal oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be regulated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, the dynamic changes in Tregs during on-demand TACE remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of longitudinal Tregs trajectory in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent on-demand TACE. Methods: This prospective study included consecutive treatment-naive HCC patients who met the inclusion criteria from March to December 2024. Peripheral Tregs was measured at baseline and multiple follow-up timepoints during on-demand TACE. A joint model of a linear mixed sub-model and Cox proportional hazards sub-model was constructed to estimate the impact of longitudinal Treg trajectory on progression-free survival (PFS). Results: There were 30 HCC patients with 109 Treg measurements included. During a median follow-up of 13.3 [interquartile range (IQR), 10.8-15.3] months, progressive disease (PD) was observed in 11 patients. Time was identified as the sole factor influencing Tregs trajectory. Tregs at T3 (9-16 weeks after initial TACE or 1 day before third TACE if necessary) were lower than those at T0 (1 day before initial TACE) [5.84 (IQR, 4.97-8.40) Conclusions: Longitudinal trajectory of peripheral Tregs independently predicted PFS of HCC patients who underwent on-demand TACE. Dynamically monitoring Tregs holds promise for guiding the timing of the therapy strategy.
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