Trial reportOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Risk of Developing Low-Level Viral Rebound Among People With HIV Receiving 2- or 3-Drug Regimens: A Case-Control Study Nested in the ICONA Cohort.
Trial report in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The risk of developing low-level viral rebound (LLVR) after achieving human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 (HIV) RNA suppression with 2-drug regimens (2DR) compared to 3-drug regimens (3DR) remains uncertain. Methods: We conducted a matched 1:3 case-control study nested within the ICONA cohort including persons with HIV (PWH) who achieved virological suppression (≥2 consecutive HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL over 6 months) after 11 November 2014 (baseline [BL]). Cases were defined as PWH experiencing a single HIV-RNA of 51-199 copies/mL after BL (index date); controls were defined as those who maintained HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL up to the index date and were matched for history of care gaps and number of drugs failed. The cumulative incidence of LLVR after virological suppression was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the current antiretroviral therapy regimen (2DR [dolutegravir/lamivudine, dolutegravir/rilpivirine, dolutegravir/doravirine, or cabotegravir/rilpivirine] vs 3DR [dolutegravir, bictegravir, rilpivirine, doravirine, boosted darunavir, or boosted atazanavir-based with a backbone of tenofovir and lamivudine or emtricitabine]) and LLVR risk. In sensitivity analyses cases were defined as PWH experiencing 2 consecutive HIV-RNA of 51-199 copies/mL. Results: Among 1033 PWH (261 cases, 772 matched controls), 21% were female, median age was 43 (interquartile range [IQR], 34-51) years, and BL CD4 count was 601 (IQR, 379-826) cells/μL; 2DR use was 25% in cases versus 29% in controls ( Conclusions: Despite the wide range of plausibility, we can exclude a risk of LLVR higher than 29% when using 2DR versus 3DR regimens.
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