Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42169682›Full record

ArticleJournal of human immunity2026

Thymic output in human newborns is shaped by environmental exposures and a common TCRD genetic variant.

Ziyang Tan, Camille Kergaravat, Laura Gonzalez, Anette Johnsson, Erika Negrini, Christian Pou, Anna Karin Bernhardsson, Hugo Barcenilla, Margarita Ivanchenko, Yang Chen and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of human immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Ziyang Tan *Unit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7205-4978
Camille Kergaravat *Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, INSERM UMRS 1342, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7301-9343
Laura GonzalezUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9597-1900
Anette JohnssonUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4812-2763
Erika NegriniUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1304-1600
Christian PouUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1037-2370
Anna Karin BernhardssonUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3525-1336
Hugo BarcenillaUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-362X
Margarita IvanchenkoUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7343-0939
Yang ChenUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-5751
Ewa HenckelUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-1563
Tadepally LakshmikanthUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7256-5770
Jaromír MikešUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-7855
Anna JamesUnit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-8419
Agata CieslakLaboratoire d'Onco-Hematologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-9448
Vahid AsnafiLaboratoire d'Onco-Hematologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6255-5314
Jonathan DespondsInstitut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-3217
Magnus FontesInstitut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4404-9674
Magali IrlaCNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-9708
Milieu Interieur Consortium
Darragh DuffyTranslational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-2308
Etienne PatinHuman Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-4459
Lluis Quintana-MurciHuman Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR2000, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2429-6320
Emmanuel ClaveInstitut de Recherche Saint Louis, INSERM UMRS 1342, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-5039
Antoine Toubert *Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, INSERM UMRS 1342, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7308-7317
Petter Brodin *Unit for Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-0046

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Naïve T cell output from the thymus varies across the human lifespan and is a key determinant of health, differing between individuals by age, sex, and genetics. How thymic output is dynamically regulated early in life in response to initial microbial colonization remains unclear. We report longitudinal thymic output dynamics, measured as T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), in 136 newborns from Stockholm, Sweden. Thymic output increases after birth following initial microbial colonization, peaking at 3-4 mo. Peak height correlates with plasma levels of RANKL and lymphotoxin-α and with a common genetic variant in the TCRD locus previously linked to adult thymopoiesis. B cell lymphopoiesis measured by KRECs reveals divergent dynamics between B and T cell branches of the adaptive immune system in early life. Findings are corroborated by thymic tissue analyses, in which local RANKL secretion correlates with medullary, but not cortical, epithelial cell numbers. These results illuminate the establishment of healthy immune-microbe interactions in early human life.

Identifiers

PMID42169682
PMCPMC13177414

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.