ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026
The impact of probiotic supplementation on mucosal immunity and oxidative stress after high-intensity exercise among athletes: a meta-analysis.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAthletes engaging in strenuous exercise can experience a heightened risk for upper respiratory symptoms and immune disorders triggered by exercise. This meta-analysis examined the relationship between probiotic supplementation, exercise, mucosal immunity, and oxidative stress (OS) levels following high-intensity exercise.
methodsWe systematically searched four electronic databases to identify eligible studies for subsequent screening. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (1) Adults athletes; (2) Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT); (3) The experimental group received probiotic supplementation (Exp), while the control group received placebo (Con) supplementation; (4) Pre- and post-high-intensity exercise assessments of OS markers and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were conducted. Use the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the selected study. Select Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) as the appropriate effect scale index, and use Revman 5.4 software to analyze the mean difference of the selected article data.
resultsA total of eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the meta-analysis. The results showed that the Exp group showed a significantly greater reduction in OS levels after high-intensity exercise compared to the Con group (SMD, -0.38 [-0.76, -0.01], p < 0.05, I
conclusionProbiotic supplementation, especially for more than 6 weeks, may enhance antioxidant capacity and mucosal immunity following high-intensity exercise.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.