ArticleBMC oral health2026
Dental caries risk in patients with chronic airway diseases using dry powder inhalers: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveInhalers, which are essential for chronic airway disease treatment, differ in formulations. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) with lactose monohydrate may increase the risk of dental caries compared with lactose-free pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). We investigated the incidence of dental caries among users of these inhaler types for chronic airway diseases.
methodsIn this study, we analyzed inhalation technique checklists and patient records at a single center from 2010 to 2018. The study included adult patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who initiated inhaler usage for the first time and continued for at least 6 months. Those with preexisting dental caries, inhaler changes, or missing lung function data were excluded. We analyzed the incidence rate of dental caries during the study period, the time to the first dental caries occurrence, and the adjusted hazard ratios among pMDI and DPI users employing Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsOf 4,092 patients, 1,381 (33.7%) and 2,711 (66.3%) used pMDIs and DPIs, respectively. The incidence rate of dental caries was 2.28 per 1,000 person-years for pMDI users and 4.53 for DPI users. DPI users exhibited a significantly shorter time to first dental caries occurrence (P = 0.029, log-rank test) with a higher 5-year caries occurrence rate (1.9% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.015) and a higher risk of dental caries than pMDI users, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.09 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-4.18, P = 0.037) in the multivariable Cox regression analysis.
conclusionsPatients with chronic airway disease using DPIs have a higher risk of dental caries than those using pMDIs. Thus, vigilant dental health monitoring is necessary for DPI users.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.