ArticleWorld journal of surgical oncology2026
Factors influencing the incidence of postoperative lymphedema in patients with locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in World journal of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze the risk factors for postoperative secondary upper limb lymphedema in patients with locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, a total of 176 patients with stage IIIB-IIIC TNBC treated at our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were included consecutively. The modified technique was introduced in 2022, and all procedures were performed by the same surgical team. They were divided into an experimental group (modified surgical technique, n = 90) and a control group (standard technique, n = 86) based on the surgical approach. The modified technique involved concurrent resection of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle fibers and the clavipectoral fascia in addition to standard axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The incidence of postoperative upper limb lymphedema was compared between groups, and its association with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome was analyzed.
resultsThe postoperative lymphedema incidence was 23.3% (21/90) in the experimental group, significantly lower than the 41.9% (36/86) in the control group (P = 0.009). Lymphedema incidence in obese patients was 47.8% (43/90), markedly higher than the 16.3% (14/86) in non-obese patients (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified obesity (OR = 4.80, 95% CI 2.38-9.68, P < 0.001) and standard surgical technique (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.23-4.88, P = 0.011) as independent risk factors for lymphedema.
conclusionObesity and surgical technique are independent risk factors for postoperative upper limb lymphedema in locally advanced TNBC patients. The modified ALND technique may help reduce lymphedema incidence, with a particularly pronounced benefit observed in obese patients. However, the proposed mechanism remains speculative, and the findings require prospective validation. Prospective randomized studies are needed before routine adoption.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.