Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42168972›Full record

ArticleBMC medical ethics2026

Ethical challenges in aesthetic dentistry: a qualitative exploration.

İlkim Karakapıcı, Nüket Örnek Büken

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical ethics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

İlkim KarakapıcıDepartment of Medical History and Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey. ilkimkarakapici@baskent.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-7082
Nüket Örnek BükenDepartment of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-6569

Funding

Hacettepe Üniversitesi , Türkiye TDK-2023-20660
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe rapid expansion of aesthetic dentistry has intensified ethical tensions between professional obligations and patient demands shaped by consumer culture and social media. This conflict is further exacerbated by market-driven healthcare services. Although ethical discussions on aesthetic dentistry are largely theoretical, empirical evidence on everyday ethical dilemmas in clinical practice remains limited. This study aimed to explore ethical problems in aesthetic dentistry, dentists' attitudes toward these challenges.

methodsA qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 dentists-including both specialists from various disciplines and general practitioners-in Ankara, Turkey. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. The data were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach, with the entire systematic process managed and organized via MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024.

resultsThematic analysis identified four main themes: Ethical Responsibility, Perceptions Regarding Aesthetic Dentistry, Transition from Healthcare Provision to Commercial Practices, and Reflections of Systemic Dynamics on Dental Service Delivery. Each of these themes consisted of several subthemes.

conclusionIn conclusion, this study identifies that the primary ethical tension in aesthetic dentistry stems from the interaction between non-maleficence and autonomy. The findings highlight the emergence of a potentially vulnerable patient profile and suggest that increasing commercialization-particularly within the context of health tourism-poses significant ethical and professional challenges; therefore, these issues may require more extensive discussion, as well as the development of more comprehensive ethical codes and policies in the field.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelDentistsEsthetics, DentalEthics, DentalAdultEthical DilemmasFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMedical TourismMiddle AgedPersonal AutonomyQualitative ResearchTurkeyAesthetic dentistryCommercializationEthical issuesMarketingOvertreatment

Identifiers

PMID42168972
PMCPMC13465647

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.