ArticleScientific reports2026
Latent profiles of apathy in the general population and their associations with psychopathology and functioning.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Apathy is a multidimensional construct associated with functional impairments across neuropsychiatric disorders and the general population. While distinct apathy subtypes have been reported, its heterogeneity remains insufficiently understood, particularly in relation to psychosis-spectrum traits and functioning. Latent profile analysis was conducted in a representative community sample (N = 1200) using three apathy dimensions assessed by the Apathy Motivation Index (behavioral, social, emotional). Identified profiles were compared on social and occupational functioning, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), depression, and anhedonia, with additional analyses adjusting for affective symptoms. Demographic predictors of profile membership were examined using exploratory logistic regression. A two-profile solution provided the best fit, reflecting differences in overall apathy severity rather than qualitatively distinct subtypes. The elevated apathy profile (17.2% of the sample) showed significantly higher levels of PLEs (p < 0.001) and poorer functioning in activities, work-related skills, and social appropriateness (all ps < 0.001). In contrast, participants in this profile reported higher interpersonal relationship functioning (p < 0.001). Most profile differences remained significant after controlling for depressive symptoms and anhedonia. Younger age was robustly associated with elevated apathy profile membership (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.95, 0.98]). Overall, apathy in the general population appears best understood as a severity-based motivational phenomenon with domain-specific functional consequences and relevance for psychosis-spectrum traits.
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