Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42168296›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina-enriched Artemia salina enhances growth, pigmentation, gut morphology and immune-related pathways in goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Ahmed E Elshafey, Bin Wen, Jian-Zhong Gao, Jun-Nan Huang, Xu Can, Malik M Khalafalla, Attia A Abou Zaid, Mohamed M Abdel-Rahim, Mustafa Shukry, Ibrahim Albokhadaim and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Ahmed E ElshafeyKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Bin WenKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Jian-Zhong GaoKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Jun-Nan HuangKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Xu CanKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Malik M KhalafallaDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Attia A Abou ZaidDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
Mohamed M Abdel-RahimFish Rearing Laboratory, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
Mustafa ShukryDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. matta@kfu.edu.sa.
Ibrahim AlbokhadaimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Samir AlhojailyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Saad ShoushaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed O AlameenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Yassir A AlmoftiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Bahaa Al-TradDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Mahmoud KandeelDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Yamen HegazyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Zai-Zhong ChenKey Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. chenzz@shou.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the impacts of supplementing both unenriched and enriched live Artemia salina with Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina in goldfish (Carassius auratus) diets on various parameters, including growth performance, feed utilisation, blood parameters, immunity, histology, and β-carotene levels. The experiment was conducted for 90 days, and all groups of goldfish (initial weight = 2.51 ± 0.01 g/fish, N = 180) received commercial diet supplements (unenriched Artemia (UE), Chlorella-enriched Artemia (CE), Dunaliella-enriched Artemia (DE), and Artemia enriched with both Chlorella and Dunaliella (CDE)). Compared to other fish groups, goldfish given CDE had better final weight, weight gain, average daily gain, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, final length, and length gain, and a lower feed conversion ratio. CDE had the best hematological, antioxidant, and immunity parameters (Immunoglobulin M levels, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index). In addition, goldfish given CDE had the greatest β-carotene content at 8.90 ± 0.4 mg/100 g. Goldfish given enriched Artemia, specifically CDE, exhibited increased intestinal villus length, width, and goblet cells, as determined by histomorphometric analysis (p < 0.05). Additionally, upregulation of MCH, MCH-R, POMC, IGF-1, and TNF-α genes was observed in CDE. In conclusion, supplementing goldfish diets with CDE has several advantages, including improved growth performance, blood parameters, immunity, histology, β-carotene levels, and gene expression related to growth and immunity. The study's results indicate that Artemia enhanced with Chlorella and Dunaliella can improve the health, growth performance, and development of goldfish in aquaculture.

Indexed as

ArtemiaChlorella vulgarisChlorophyceaeGoldfishPigmentationAnimal FeedAnimalsbeta CaroteneDietDietary Supplementsbeta CaroteneArtemiaChlorella vulgarisDunaliella salinaGoldfishβ-carotene

Identifiers

PMID42168296
PMCPMC13402589

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.