ArticleScientific reports2026
A 2 to 16 GHz dual polarized end fire ETS array with corrugated edges for unified ECC evaluation framework.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This paper presents a reusable evaluation framework for broadband dual-linearly polarized end-fire multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays based on exponentially tapered slot (ETS) elements. A 2 × 2 ETS subarray operating from 2 to 16 GHz is used as a case study, where three representative edge treatments are compared: a double-sided corrugated edge (Double-CE), a single-sided corrugated edge (Single-CE), and a bare aperture without corrugation. Under unified port reference planes and a common spherical sampling grid, the framework jointly examines S-parameters, 2D/3D radiation patterns, axial-ratio/circular-component descriptors (as auxiliary polarization indicators), and pattern-based envelope correlation coefficient (ECC). Simulated results indicate that all three strategies achieve broadband impedance matching and maintain low inter-port coupling over most of the 2-16 GHz span under the unified reference configuration, while localized resonant features in coupling and correlation are sensitive to the intra-subarray pitch. The end-fire main beam is preserved at representative frequencies, with mid-band peak realized gains on the order of 9-10 dBi. Pattern-based ECC (Port 1-Port 2) further reveals a frequency- and pitch-dependent isolation-correlation trade-off: Double-CE produces the smoothest radiation envelope and a more uniform multiport environment at the nominal layout, but high-ECC cases can emerge at specific nodes when the pitch is perturbed toward tighter spacing; Single-CE can achieve very low correlation at selected mid-band nodes (e.g., around 8.02 GHz) and provides a favorable trade-off under appropriate pitch settings, whereas elevated ECC may still occur at other nodes. Surface-current snapshots link these metric-level trends to boundary-mediated current channels, edge scattering, and cavity-mode participation, providing practical guidance on choosing symmetric versus intentionally asymmetric edge loading. Although demonstrated on a specific ETS topology, the proposed framework is directly extendable to other end-fire array elements, subarray layouts, and boundary treatments for broadband MIMO applications.
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