Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42168168›Full record

ReviewActa neuropsychiatrica2026

Breaking down the ADHD construct to build a valid diagnosis.

Kinga Szymaniak, Erica Bell, Gurubhaskar Shivakumar, Gin S Malhi

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Acta neuropsychiatrica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kinga SzymaniakAcademic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-9028
Erica BellAcademic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8483-8497
Gurubhaskar ShivakumarAcademic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7449-5490
Gin S MalhiAcademic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4524-9091

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Defined by DSM-5-TR as a neurodevelopmental disorder Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has attracted ever-mounting attention from the public, coupled with a growing interest from clinicians, researchers, and patients. This is reflected in significantly higher demand for clinical assessments and frequent media reports of a surge in ADHD cases across the lifespan. These trends are puzzling as it is unknown what they truly reflect: an improvement in clinical detection or a concerning degree of overdiagnosis? A key reason for this uncertainty is our limited understanding of the disorder and imprecision of the diagnosis - a long-running subject of criticism. To better understand these issues, in this article we

Indexed as

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)diagnostic criteriaDSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision)reliabilityvalidity

Identifiers

PMID42168168
PMCPMC13280515

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.