ArticlePublic health nutrition2026
Are ultra-processed foods really cheap? Reassessing health, equity and environmental costs across the life course in low- and middle-income countries.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Ultra-processed foods, as classified by NOVA, provide a substantial and rising share of dietary energy worldwide. Manufactured from cheap refined ingredients and cosmetic additives, they are engineered for hyper-palatability, long shelf life and profit and are widely perceived as convenient, low-cost options. This commentary argues that such perceptions of 'cheapness' are misleading once health, equity and environmental impacts are considered.
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