Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42166522›Full record

ReviewAge and ageing2026

Frailty and intrinsic capacity: integrating complementary concepts to promote healthy ageing and transformation of care.

Matteo Cesari, Marco Canevelli, Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, Hidenori Arai, Praset Assantachai, Piu Chan, Jagadish K Chhetri, Eduardo Ferriolli, Leon Geffen, Celia L Gregson and 21 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Age and ageing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. How human and animal frailty index studies can inform each other: a brief narrative review.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Matteo CesariAgeing and Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Child, Newborn, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27,  Switzerland.
Marco CanevelliDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Lazio 0185, Italy.
Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli ThiyagarajanAgeing and Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Child, Newborn, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27,  Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7895-788X
Hidenori AraiNational Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi 484-0038, Japan.
Praset AssantachaiFaculty of Medicine, Mahidol University and Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok City 10700, Thailand.
Piu ChanNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders: Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053,Beijing, China.
Jagadish K ChhetriNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders: Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053,Beijing, China.
Eduardo FerriolliDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, Avenida Professor Luciano Gualberto, 908, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-5028-2451
Leon GeffenThe Albertina and Walter Sisulu Institute of Ageing in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, 7935, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-9546-5323
Celia L GregsonGlobal Health and Ageing Research Unit, University of Bristol, Level 1 Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, BS10 5NB, Bristol, UK.
Giovanni GuaraldiDepartment of Surgical, Medical, Dental, and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4 - 41121, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5724-3914
Luis Miguel Gutierrez RobledoInstituto Nacional de Geriatría, Av. Contreras 428 Col. San Jerónimo Lídice 10200, Mexico City, Mexico.
Sonia HammamiDepartment of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory LR 12ES05, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded B.P. 56, Monastir, Tunisia.
Hyobum JangAgeing and Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Child, Newborn, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27,  Switzerland.
Sebastiana KalulaThe Albertina and Walter Sisulu Institute of Ageing in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, 7935, Cape Town, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5371-0204
Arvind MathurAsian Centre for Medical Education Research & Innovation, SN Medical College, Shastri Nagar, Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India.
Reshma Aziz MerchantDepartment of Medicine, National University Hospital, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119077, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-9032-0184
Déborah OliveiraFaculty of Nursing, Universidad Andrés Bello, 121,Avenida Bellavista 8420507 Santiago Metropolitana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
Mônica R PerraciniMaster's and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, Rua Cesário Galeno, 448/475, Tatuapé, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Mirko PetrovicSection of Geriatrics; Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-7506-8646
Maria Cristina Polidori-NellesAgeing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str 62 · 50937 Cologne,, Germany.
Leocadio Rodriguez MañasServicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Calle Toledo 12, 28901, Getafe (Comunidad de Madrid), Madrid 28905, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6551-1333
John W RoweThe Columbia Aging Center and the Department of Health Policy and Management Mailman, School of Public Health, Columbia University, , 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3620-6612
Saniya SabzwariDepartment of Family Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan.
Ritu SadanaAgeing and Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Child, Newborn, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27,  Switzerland.
Yuka SumiAgeing and Health Unit, Department of Maternal, Child, Newborn, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27,  Switzerland.
Olena TomarevskaD.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology of the National Academy of the Medical Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv, vulytsia Volodymyrska, 54 Kyiv City, Ukraine.
Bruno VellasIHU HealthAge, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 2 Rue Viguerie, 31300, Toulouse, France.
Renuka VisvanathanAdelaide Geriatrics Training and Research with Aged Care (GTRAC) Centre; School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, 4 North Terrace, Adelaide South Australia 5000, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1303-9479
Jean WooJockey Club Institute of Ageing, Suite 602, 6/F, Yasumoto International Academic Park, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7593-3081
Finbarr C MartinFaculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Population Health Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6911-3498

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As the global population ages, especially in low- and middle-income countries, there is an urgent need to rethink how health in older age is understood and addressed. Frailty has long served as a clinical construct to identify vulnerability and guide tailored, specialist care for older people. In 2015, the World Health Organisation introduced the concept of intrinsic capacity (IC) as part of its healthy ageing framework, offering a structured, capacity-based approach to promote functional ability. While conceptually distinct, frailty and IC are complementary. Frailty highlights the need for specialised care in complex cases, whereas IC supports early intervention and prevention across broader populations. This paper explores their differences, areas of overlap and how their integration can support a continuum of care that spans primary to specialist settings. Integrating these concepts connects prevention, health promotion and complex care management. By aligning clinical and public health perspectives, the combined use of frailty and IC offers a holistic, person-centred approach to care system transformation, with the potential to drive coordinated strategies that strengthen both geriatric practice and public health across diverse populations.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health Care, IntegratedFrail ElderlyFrailtyGeriatricsHealth PromotionHealth Services for the AgedHealthy AgingAgedAge FactorsAgingGeriatric AssessmentHumansageingcaregeriatricsolder peoplepublic health

Identifiers

PMID42166522
PMCPMC13192527

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.