Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42166307›Full record

ArticleJournal of managed care & specialty pharmacy2026

Assessing the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist access and treatment outcomes.

Haley Huddleston, Jodi Martinez, Jerilyn Cook, Melissa Trapp, Nai-Chia Chen, Kelsey Schwander, Sarah Moss, Surabhi Palkimas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Haley HuddlestonUniversity of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Aurora.
Jodi MartinezUniversity of Colorado Health Hospital, Aurora.
Jerilyn CookUniversity of Colorado Health Hospital, Aurora.
Melissa TrappKaiser Permanente, Aurora, CO.
Nai-Chia ChenUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.
Kelsey SchwanderUniversity of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Aurora.
Sarah MossUniversity of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Aurora.
Surabhi PalkimasUniversity of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy, Aurora.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have gained popularity because of their demonstrated efficacy in weight loss, resulting in access barriers such as delays due to prior authorizations (PAs), insurance coverage restrictions, and limited availability. The national average for PA turnaround times is currently 72 hours. To offer solutions to these barriers, the University of Colorado Hospital (UCHealth) has integrated a pharmacy team into their primary care practice setting to provide specialized support to enhance access.

objectiveTo evaluate how pharmacist-led interventions affected PA turnaround times for GLP-1 RAs prescribed for weight loss. Additionally, we aimed to characterize these interventions to better understand the pharmacist's role in integrated care teams for weight management.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study used UCHealth electronic health records to evaluate pharmacist-led interventions identified by multistep order transmittal workflow in September 2024. The primary endpoint was PA turnaround time. The secondary endpoints included time to GLP-1 RA initiation, qualitative assessments of pharmacist-led interventions, and dosing optimizations. Survival analyses and descriptive analyses were conducted for time-to-event and qualitative endpoints.

resultsA total of 142 patients were included in this study. Fifty-six patients were observed in the PA-approved group and 86 patients in the PA-denied group. The median turnaround time for any PA decision was 19.87 hours (95% CI = 6.88-23.58). PA approvals had a median turnaround time of 47.1 hours (95% CI = 23.4-69.6), whereas PA denials had 3.6 hours (95% CI = 2.4-16.7) (

conclusionsIntegrating pharmacists into care teams can enhance GLP-1 RA PA turnaround times while improving medication access, safety, and continuity of care. These findings support further research and policy development in pharmacist interventions in PA process and GLP-1 RA management.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsPharmacistsAgedColoradoFemaleHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Care TeamPrimary Health CareProfessional RoleRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Identifiers

PMID42166307
PMCPMC13193319

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.