Observational studyEuropean journal of pediatrics2026
Contrasting BMI and height z-score trajectories in children with new-onset T1DM: a case-control study across Latin American Centers.
Observational study in European journal of pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) may experience some growth delay. To compare growth trajectories assessed by z-height and z-BMI over a 3-year follow-up period between children with new-onset T1DM and a control group without T1DM across multiple Latin American centers. A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted over 3 years (2021-2024) in children with new-onset T1DM and their controls from ten Latin American centers, including age, sex, and anthropometric measures. A mixed-effects model was used to analyze z-height and z-BMI over three years. A total of 534 participants were included, comprising 245 children with T1DM (51.4% female; mean age, 8.8 years) and 289 controls (45.7% female; mean age, 8.1 years). The mean z-BMI in children with T1DM compared to controls was at years 0 (- 0.12 vs. 0.54), 1 (0.36 vs. 0.63), 2 (0.32 vs. 0.55), and 3 (0.34 vs. 0.47). Children with T1DM had a significantly lower z-BMI than controls, with mean differences of - 0.71, - 0.33, and - 0.28 in years 0, 1, and 2, respectively. However, by year 3, the mean difference (- 0.18) was no longer significant. z-height in children with T1DM vs. controls was at years 1 (- 0.08 vs. - 0.09), 2 (- 0.24 vs. - 0.12), and 3 (- 0.35 vs. - 0.12). z-height remained stable in controls but declined in the T1DM group, reaching a mean difference of - 0.25 (p < 0.01) by year 3.
conclusionsThis study demonstrated that despite treatment and equalization of z-BMI, children with T1DM in Latin America experience a progressive decline in linear growth. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Children with type 1 diabetes may experience impaired linear growth and lower BMI at disease onset, particularly in association with poor metabolic control. WHAT IS NEW: • This multicenter Latin American study showed that although BMI normalized after treatment initiation, children with type 1 diabetes exhibited a progressive decline in height z-scores over the first three years after diagnosis compared with healthy controls.
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