Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42165512›Full record

ArticleOphthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina2026

A Simplified Classification for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Based on Optical Coherence Tomography.

Tsai-Chu Yeh, Jonathan B Lin, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Theodore Leng, Charles DeBoer, Yasir J Sepah, David R P Almeida, Stephen Smith, Vinit B Mahajan

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tsai-Chu YehMolecular Surgery Laboratory, Stanford University.
Jonathan B LinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Prithvi MruthyunjayaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Theodore LengDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Charles DeBoerDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Yasir J SepahDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
David R P AlmeidaErie Retina Research and Center for Advanced Surgical Exploration, Erie, Pennsylvania.
Stephen SmithDepartment of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Vinit B MahajanMolecular Surgery Laboratory, Stanford University.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveAs optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled the identification of an expanding set of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk biomarkers and become central to routine clinical practice, there remains a need for a simplified grading scheme that allows physicians to communicate and synchronize AMD grading directly from standard OCT imaging rather than relying on traditional color fundus imaging. This study aims to establish a standardized OCT-based AMD classification that balances diagnostic accuracy with practicality for use across clinical and research settings. PATIENTS AND

methodsSpectral-domain OCT scans were independently graded by two retinal specialists following the newly proposed Stanford OCT-Based AMD Classification (SOAC). Discrepancies were adjudicated by a third independent retinal specialist. Inter-grader agreement was assessed using weighted kappa coefficients.

resultsAmong the 109 eyes from 108 patients (mean age 79.61 ± 7.57 years; 41.7% men, 58.3% women), AMD staging based on SOAC was distributed as follows: normal aging in nine patients (8.3%), early AMD in 16 (14.7%), intermediate AMD in 32 (29.4%), neovascular AMD (nAMD) in 18 (16.5%), geographic atrophy (GA) in 20 (18.3%), and combined nAMD and GA in 14 (12.8%). The overall intergrader agreement demonstrated robust consistency, with a weighted kappa value of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), signifying excellent intergrader reliability and reinforcing the validity of SOAC.

conclusionSOAC provides a standardized, OCT-based framework for AMD grading that demonstrates high intergrader agreement. By enabling consistent classification from commonly acquired OCT scans, SOAC supports reliable disease staging and facilitates integration across clinical studies and translational research. As imaging and molecular data continue to expand, SOAC can serve as a common OCT-based reference for phenotype refinement and longitudinal AMD studies.

Indexed as

Macular DegenerationTomography, Optical CoherenceWet Macular DegenerationAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFluorescein AngiographyHumansMaleReproducibility of Results

Identifiers

PMID42165512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.