Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42164958›Full record

ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026

Gender and Diversity Trends Among Hand Fellowship Training Programs in the United States.

Abhishek Jain, Rebecca Brantley, Lily Rumph, Cora Bisbee, Donna Mullner, Mathew Gregoski, Fernando Herrera

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abhishek JainFrom the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Rebecca BrantleyDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA.
Lily RumphCollege of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Cora BisbeeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Donna MullnerCollege of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Mathew GregoskiDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
Fernando HerreraCollege of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Lack of diversity in healthcare teams can lead to poorer patient outcomes and quality of care. This study analyzed fellowship trainee demographics to examine current gender and racial diversity trends among hand surgery fellowship programs. Methods: American Medical Association Graduate Medical Education reports from 2007 to 2024 were queried to determine diversity trends among hand surgery fellowships. Trainees from 3 primary residency types were evaluated: plastic, orthopedic, and general surgery. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS were used to trend and analyze the data using χ Results: Hand fellowship programs increased 42% from 2007 to 2024. Female trainees rose to 38% in 2024 but remained significantly fewer than males ( Conclusions: Although hand fellowship programs have improved female representation, trainees underrepresented in medicine remain low.

Identifiers

PMID42164958
PMCPMC13186113

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.