ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Preclinical evaluation of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine platform for broad and durable SARS-CoV-2 protection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The emergence of immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants has exposed limitations in the breadth and durability of protection conferred by current Spike-based vaccines, highlighting the need for next-generation approaches targeting conserved viral regions. Here, we describe the design and preclinical evaluation of an optimized multi-epitope vaccine, CoV2-BMEPu. Methods: CoV2-BMEPu was rationally designed using immunological data from SARS-CoV-2 convalescent cohorts, incorporating conserved and immunodominant regions from the Spike (S), Membrane (M) and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins, together with selected receptor-binding domain (RBD) segments associated with broadly neutralizing antibodies. The construct was engineered as a secreted trimeric antigen and delivered as an mRNA vaccine formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Results: mRNA-BMEPu was efficiently expressed in vitro as soluble oligomers and triggered innate immune activation in human macrophages. In C57BL/6 mice, LNP-BMEPu elicited robust binding and neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral virus and antigenically distant Omicron subvariants. Vaccination also induced strong and polyfunctional CD8⁺ T cell and T follicular helper responses that persisted over time. In K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, immunization conferred complete protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with effective control of viral replication and reduced lung inflammation. Discussion: These results support CoV2-BMEPu as a next-generation multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate capable of inducing broad, durable and protective immunity against current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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