ArticleInternational journal of women's health2026
Mendelian Randomization to Examine the Causal Effects of Cystatin on Ovarian Lesions.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Cystatin, a superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors, are implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling, immune modulation, and tumor progression. Observational studies have reported associations between specific cystatin and gynecological pathologies, including ovarian cancer. However, whether these associations reflect causality remains uncertain due to potential confounding and reverse causation. Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationships between genetically predicted levels of seven cystatin subtypes (Cystatin B, C, D, F, M, S, and Cystatin 8) and the risk of various ovarian lesions. Genetic instruments (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) for cystatin were selected from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) at a significance threshold of Results: Genetically predicted Cystatin-8 was significantly associated with a reduced risk of endometrioid ovarian cancer (OR = 0.898, 95% CI: 0.836-0.965, Conclusion: This MR study provides genetic evidence supporting a potential causal, protective role for Cystatin-8 against endometrioid ovarian cancer, and suggestive protective roles for Cystatin-C in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and Cystatin-F in polycystic ovarian syndrome. These findings highlight specific cystatin as potential biomarkers or etiological factors warranting further mechanistic and clinical investigation in ovarian pathophysiology.
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