ArticleCureus2026
Infection Patterns and Predictors of 28-Day Mortality Among Cancer Patients in Najran, Saudi Arabia: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Background and aim Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients; however, regional data from southern Saudi Arabia remain scarce. The epidemiology of infectious complications can vary significantly due to differences in local pathogens, resistance patterns, and healthcare practices. Understanding these patterns is crucial for guiding empirical therapy and improving clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize infection patterns and identify independent predictors of 28-day mortality among adult cancer patients in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective cohort study at King Khalid Hospital Oncology Center (Najran, Saudi Arabia; January 2014 to December 2024) included 199 adult cancer patients (≥18 years) with 577 documented infection episodes. Primary outcomes were infection site distribution and microbiological profiles. Secondary outcomes included 28-day and overall mortality. The Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model analyzed recurrent episodes, accounting for within-patient clustering. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression identified mortality predictors, reported as HRs with 95% CIs. ICU admission served as a proxy for clinical severity. Results Patients had a median age of 62 years; 133 (66.8%) had metastatic disease, and 100 (50.3%) were female. The most frequent malignancies were breast cancer in 35 (17.6%), colorectal cancer in 33 (16.6%), upper gastrointestinal cancers in 31 (15.6%), and hematologic malignancies (lymphoma/myeloma) in 30 (15.1%). Of 577 infection episodes, 351 (60.8%) were culture positive. Among positive cultures, Gram-negative organisms predominated, with
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