ArticleHealth affairs scholar2026
Freestanding emergency department compliance with consumer protections: evidence from Texas.
Article in Health affairs scholar, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Freestanding emergency departments (FrEDs) are a major source of emergency care in Texas, but pricing and network participation have historically lacked transparency. Texas House Bill (HB) 2041 aimed to strengthen consumer protections by requiring FrEDs to disclose facility status, standard fees, network participation, and prohibited deceptive advertising. We evaluated FrED compliance with HB 2041. Methods: We identified 16 reporting requirements spanning facility disclosure ( Results: FrED compliance with all 16 parameters ranged from 15% to 100%. Average compliance ranged from 64.5% and 44.7% among independent and satellite FrEDs, respectively. Among independent FrEDs, 11.5% complied with all requirements. The lowest compliance was observed for disclosure of facility and observation fees. Compliance was higher with greater emergency department competition. Conclusion: Findings suggest opportunities to enhance enforcement with Texas' consumer protections.
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