ArticleJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences2026
Evaluation of antibacterial efficiency of
Article in Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of incorporating Trapa natans (water chestnut) powder at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 5% (w/w) into glass ionomer cements (GICs), GC Gold Label 2 and Shofu GIC. Methods: An in vitro agar disc diffusion assay was conducted to assess antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Escherichia coli. Zones of inhibition (mm ± standard deviation) were measured after 24 and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey tests. Results: The highest antibacterial activity for GC Gold Label 2 at 24 hours was observed at 2% concentration (2.20 ± 0.10 mm), followed by 5% (2.16 ± 0.10 mm), control (2.13 ± 0.10 mm), and 1% (2.10 ± 0.10 mm). Shofu GIC showed greater activity at 2% (2.43 ± 0.10 mm), followed by 5% (2.32 ± 0.10 mm), 1% (2.30 ± 0.10 mm), and control (2.20 ± 0.10 mm). Antibacterial effects increased further at 48 hours. Statistically significant differences were observed for 2% and 5% concentrations compared with control in both GIC brands (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Incorporation of Trapa natans powder significantly improved the antibacterial properties of conventional GICs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, indicating its potential as a natural additive to enhance the bioactivity of restorative dental materials.
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