Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42163933›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2026

The association between 10-year cardiovascular risk and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women: a prospective analysis from the Women's Health Initiative.

Rafeka Hossain, Deepika Laddu, Carolyn J Crandall, Kristine E Ensrud, Jane A Cauley, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Bernhard Haring, Shakia T Hardy, Meryl S LeBoff, JoAnn E Manson and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Multi-center validation of automated CT-based L1 vertebral Hounsfield unit.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rafeka HossainCenter for Health Outcomes, Implementation, and Community-Engaged Science, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Deepika LadduDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Carolyn J CrandallDivision of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, 1100 Glendon Ave., Suite 850-Room 858, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
Kristine E EnsrudDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1 Veterans Drive (111-0), Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
Jane A CauleyDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, A510, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA.
Kelley Pettee GabrielDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Bernhard HaringHOMICAREM (HOMburg Institute of CArdioREnalMetabolic Medicine), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
Shakia T HardyDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA.
Meryl S LeBoffCalcium and Bone Section, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension Division, Skeletal Health and Osteoporosis Center and Bone Density Unit, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
JoAnn E MansonDivision of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
Ann V SchwartzDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
Aladdin H ShadyabHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Nelson B WattsOsteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Mercy Health, 4760 East Galbraith Road, Suite 212, Cincinnati, OH, 45236, USA.
Nicole C WrightCenter for Health Outcomes, Implementation, and Community-Engaged Science, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and fractures share pathophysiological mechanisms, yet the relationship between predicted CVD risk and fracture incidence remains unexplored. Using the PREventing cardiovascular disease eVENTs (PREVENT) score, this study aimed to determine the association between CVD risk and incident fractures in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study included 21,300 participants from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (1993-2024). PREVENT 10-year CVD risk was categorized as low (<5·0%), borderline (5·0%-7·4%), intermediate (7·5%-19·9%), or high (≥20·0%). Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios [HR (95% CI)] for incident fractures, including any clinical, major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), and hip fracture. Findings: In the sample [mean (SD) age: 63·7 (7·3) years], 9224 (43·3%) experienced any clinical fracture, 4997 (23·5%) MOF, and 1717 (8·1%) hip fractures. Overall, 5370 (25·2%) had low, 4169 (19·6%) borderline, 10,661 (50·1%) intermediate, and 1100 (5·2%) high CVD risk. In fully adjusted models, compared with low-CVD risk, higher risk of MOF was observed in the intermediate- [1·14 (1·04-1·24)] and high- [1·22 (1·07-1·40)] CVD risk groups; and higher risk of hip fracture [intermediate: 1·33 (1·14-1·56); high: 1·93 (1·55-2·42)]. Associations attenuated after accounting for the competing risk of mortality, but higher CVD risk remained associated with higher fracture risk. Interpretation: A higher 10-year predicted CVD risk was associated with higher MOF and hip fracture risk after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. CVD risk may have implications for fracture risk assessment in postmenopausal women. Funding: WHI is funded by the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. No additional funding was received for this study.

Indexed as

Bone healthCardiovascular diseaseEpidemiologyFracturesPostmenopausal womenPREVENT scoreWomen's Health Initiative

Identifiers

PMID42163933
PMCPMC13184507

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.