ArticleCurrent developments in nutrition2026
Population-Level Changes in Folate, Iodine, and Vitamin D Status over More than 20 Years: Biomarker Data from the Cross-Sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000 through August 2021-August 2023).
Article in Current developments in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vitamin D Deficiency, Supplementation, and Aging-Related Morbidity and Mortality Across Two Longitudinal Population Cohorts.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Population Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Kazakhstan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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13 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has monitored biomarkers for 4 key nutrients important for pregnancy outcomes, neurological development, and healthy growth-folate, vitamin D, iodine, and iron-during most survey cycles from 1999 to 2000 through August 2021-August 2023 as part of the continuous NHANES. These biomarker data offer a unique opportunity to assess long-term trends in the US population. Objectives: This study aimed to describe concentration trends for 7 biomarkers/indicators after adjusting for demographic changes over time. Methods: We used the following NHANES data: serum folate (SFOL) and red blood cell folate (RBF) for persons aged ≥3 y and women of reproductive age (WRA, 12-49 y) for 1999-August 2023 (except 2017-2018), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) for persons aged ≥3 y for 2001-August 2023, urine iodine (UI) for persons aged ≥3 y for 2001-2018, and serum ferritin [(FER) and FER adjusted for inflammation (FER Results: After adjusting for demographic changes, mean concentrations of all 7 biomarkers/indicators showed significant overall temporal changes (except for FER in children and BII in WRA) and significant linear trends (except for FER Conclusions: Considering the long monitoring period, biomarker changes were moderate. Nonetheless, these changes highlight the need to address declining iodine, iron, and folate status in WRA and increasing vitamin D status in supplement users.
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