ArticleTropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines2026
Toscana virus infection acquired in Campania, Italy, in a Hungarian traveller: case report with mini-review.
Article in Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundToscana virus (TOSV), a sandfly-borne phlebovirus, is a leading cause of viral meningitis in the Mediterranean region and central Italy. Despite its prominence in endemic areas, TOSV infection is frequently underdiagnosed, particularly among international travellers. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old Hungarian male patient developed acute serous meningitis two weeks after returning from Naples, Italy. Symptoms began with a severe headache, accompanied by two episodes of vomiting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein, and normal glucose levels. TOSV RNA was detected in CSF by RT-PCR, and a 350-nucleotide S-segment sequence showed 99% nucleotide identity to a TOSV lineage A strain previously identified in Italy. Seropositivity in the convalescent serum sample also confirmed the acute infection. Interestingly, blood panel tests showed markedly elevated total IgE levels (437 kU/L).
conclusionTo our knowledge, this represents the first molecularly confirmed case of TOSV neuroinvasive disease acquired in the Campania region since 2005. This report emphasizes TOSV as an emerging travel-associated neurotropic pathogen beyond its traditional central Italian focus, and supports the inclusion of TOSV in diagnostic panels for travellers with acute neurological symptoms following exposure in Mediterranean regions.
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