Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42163309›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Assessments of the in vitro diagnostic kits landscape and availability from selected hospitals and health-related facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Fanos Tadesse Woldemariyam, Shambel Tadesse, Bilise Wakitole, Abera Motuma, Kalkidan Seifu, Chala Cheburte, Zinash Teferi, Mahlet Zerfu, Beza Tarekegn, Anberber Alemu and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Fanos Tadesse WoldemariyamVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. fanos.tadesse@ahri.gov.et.
Shambel TadesseVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Bilise WakitoleVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abera MotumaVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Kalkidan SeifuVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Chala CheburteVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Zinash TeferiVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mahlet ZerfuVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Beza TarekegnVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Anberber AlemuVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Desalegn MuletaVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Jemal MohammedVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dejene GetachewVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Daniel WorkinehVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Adugna NigussieVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Henok FeredeVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mebrat EjoVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abebe MengeshaVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Demise MulugetaVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dereje Nigussie WoldemichaelVaccine, Diagnostics, and Medical Devices Research & Development Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Funding

Armauer Hansen Research Institute 0012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn vitro diagnostic (IVD) kits are essential for diagnosing and treating diseases all over the world. The availability and condition of IVDs in Addis Ababa were assessed in this study, which concentrated on producers, hospitals, regulatory bodies, and diagnostic facilities.

methodsUsing multistage stratified random sampling, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between 1

resultsThere were notable differences in the availability of diagnostics between different types of facilities. Only 25% (95% CI [1.3-69.9]) of public hospitals had malaria RDTs available, compared to 100% (95% CI [46.3-100]) of private hospitals (p = 0.048). All hospitals had HIV RDTs, but only 33.3% (95% CI [1.8-87.5]) of diagnostic centers had them (p = 0.030). Hepatitis PCR testing was not available in any hospital (p = 0.006), although it was available only in diagnostic centers (66.7%, 95% CI [12.5-98.2]). HIV viral load testing was available in 66.7% (95% CI [12.5-98.2]) of diagnostic centers and 50% (95% CI [9.2-90.8]) of public hospitals, but not in private hospitals (p = 0.043). Hepatitis (p = 0.04) and pregnancy tests (p = 0.03) showed significant differences by diagnostic area, with 100% availability in diagnostic centers as opposed to lesser coverage in hospitals. Less than fifty IVD tests were used per day across all sites. Private hospitals relied on imports, whereas public hospitals relied on EPSS supplies. Regulatory barriers, supply chain issues, stockouts, high costs, and difficulty with quality control were among the main challenges.

conclusionsThere are notable differences in IVD availability among Addis Ababa healthcare facilities, especially in public hospitals for routine testing and private hospitals for specialty assays. To increase IVD production, quality, and fair access, stakeholder collaboration is desperately needed.

Indexed as

Health FacilitiesHealth Services AccessibilityHospitalsReagent Kits, DiagnosticCross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaHumansReagent Kits, DiagnosticAddis AbabaIn vitro diagnosticsLandscape

Identifiers

PMID42163309
PMCPMC13366596

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.