ArticleCancer cell international2026
Tumor microenvironment-responsive ARRDC4: unveiling the tumor-suppressive pathway in colorectal cancer progression.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOne of the leading causes of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is the presence of colorectal cancer-initiating cells (CCICs). The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a role in the acquisition of CCICs characteristics. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
methodsCandidate molecules were identified by analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between spheroid and planar cells, as well as between CD24
resultsWe identified a novel TME-responsive protein involved in the reprogramming of CRC cells. ARRDC4 was upregulated in CCICs and responsive to the TME. In CCICs, ARRDC4 translocated to the mitochondrial matrix, where it reprogrammed lipid metabolism. Upregulation of ARRDC4 promoted exosome secretion. WWP1 primarily binds to ARRDC4 and is released through exosomes. Released WWP1 is taken up by surrounding CRC cells, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration.
conclusionTME-responsive ARRDC4 inhibits CRC progression by regulating metabolic reprogramming and exosome secretion. Increased WWP1 in ARRDC4
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