ArticleBMC nursing2026
The impact of nursing and midwifery education programs on healthcare delivery in low and middle-income countries (LMICs): a mixed systematic review.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
introductionNursing is a cornerstone of global healthcare delivery, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where nurses are essential to addressing the needs of underserved populations. While nursing education is intended to strengthen clinical effectiveness, the systemic impact of these programs on healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings remains insufficiently synthesized. This study focuses on the role of nursing and midwifery educational programs in LMIC.
objectiveTo synthesize existing evidence on the impact of nursing and midwifery education programs for improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes in LMICs.
methodsA mixed-methods systematic review was conducted following the Joana Briggs Institute methodology. Eligibility criteria were pre-defined and registered in PROSPERO. Article were included if they (1) were related to nursing and midwifery education programs in LMICs, and (2) focus on the impact of nursing and midwifery education programs. A comprehensive search was performed through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ERIC, BVS, and Embase. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and synthesized using a convergent integrated approach. Findings were categorized and pooled based on thematic similarity to produce an integrated evidence base.
resultsFrom the 630 identified study, 46 were included, with findings mapped across the four levels of Kirkpatrick's Evaluation Model. The evidence demonstrated high levels of participant satisfaction and engagement (Level 1), significant acquisition and retention of both theoretical knowledge and practical clinical skills (Level 2), and successful transfer of learning into clinical practice (Level 3). These behavioral changes were consistently associated with enhanced patient outcomes and strengthened health system performance (Level 4), including improved diagnostic accuracy and reduced clinical errors.
conclusionNursing and midwifery education programs in LMICs are effective catalysts for improving healthcare delivery. This review provides an integrative framework demonstrating that structured educational interventions not only enhance nursing and midwifery competences within the context of multidisciplinary care teams but also drive systemic improvements in patient care and institutional capacity.
trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42025646172.
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