ArticleBMC medical education2026
The contribution of the Philips 66 brainstorming technique to nursing students' academic engagement and belonging-related outcomes: a single-group pretest-posttest study.
Article in BMC medical education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAcademic belonging is considered an important prerequisite for academic success and is closely linked to students' academic engagement. Together, these constructs positively influence motivation, willingness to learn, and achievement.
aimsThis study aimed to examine the potential contribution of the Philips 66 brainstorming technique to nursing students' academic engagement and belonging-related outcomes.
methodA single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was conducted in Northern Cyprus with 85 nursing students. Data were collected using a demographic form and the Academic Engagement Scale before and six weeks after a Philips 66 brainstorming session, which was integrated into the practical component of the Nursing Management course. Data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests, with effect sizes reported as Cohen's d (α = 0.05), with small to moderate effect sizes.
resultsStudents showed a statistically significant improvements in total and subscale scores on the Academic Engagement Scale after the intervention (p < .05). The findings suggest that the Philips 66 brainstorming technique may be associated with improvements in academic engagement and may also be related to students' sense of belonging.
conclusionThe Philips 66 brainstorming technique appears to be a promising approach for supporting nursing students' academic engagement. Integrating such active learning strategies into nursing education may support students' institutional commitment and professional competencies.
trial registrationThis study was an educational intervention using a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design and did not meet the criteria for a clinical trial requiring registration in a WHO-approved clinical trial registry. Therefore, trial registration was not applicable.
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