ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2026
Association of postpartum depression and social support with parenting self-efficacy among postpartum women in Nepal.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundParenting self-efficacy (PSE) is a parent's ability to be responsive and attentive to their child's needs, which may be greatly influenced by perinatal mental health and social factors during postpartum period. Limited studies to date have examined how maternal mental health status (i.e., postpartum depression) and social support link to PSE among postpartum women during critical stages of infant development in Nepal. Thus, this study aims to examine the association among postpartum depression (PPD), social support and PSE among postpartum women within 6 months of childbirth in Nepal.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among one to six months postpartum women who attended immunization clinics in two hospitals in Kathmandu. Conveniently selected, 128 women of both low birth weight and normal birth weight infants were recruited for the study. Data were collected using standardized measures of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Karitane parenting self-efficacy scale, postpartum social support scale, and sociodemographic questionnaire via semi-structured interviews with respondents. Data were analyzed in STATA version 17.0 using linear regression analysis.
resultsRespondents were ethnically and socioeconomically diverse. Results indicated that PPD has significant but negative association with PSE (β= - 0.29, p<0.001). But perceived social support from husband, family, and friends has significant and positive association with PSE (β = 2.41, p<0.001) among women. The results were statistically significant even after controlling for the effects of multiple control variables in the model.
conclusionPPD and perceived social support are significant factors of PSE during the first six months postpartum among Nepali women. These findings have important implications for evidence-based interventions for early identification of women with PPD and enhancing postpartum social support after childbirth to enhance the women's confidence in parenting their infants.
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