ArticleBMC plant biology2026
Molecular characterization of a naturally occurring isolate of Begomovirus solanumkarnatakaense causing breakdown of Ty-3-mediated resistance in tomato plants with increased disease severity under elevated temperature.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTomato leaf curl disease, caused by rapidly evolving begomoviruses, poses a major threat to tomato production worldwide. Although resistance genes like Ty-1/Ty-3 have effectively managed key viruses such as tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), emerging new viral variants continuously challenge this control.
resultsIn this study, we identified and characterized a resistance-breaking isolate of tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus (ToLCKV, MZ578458, species: Begomovirussolanumkarnatakaense) from symptomatic tomato genotypes carrying the Ty-gene(s). Agro-infectious construct of this new isolate of ToLCKV was found to be capable of overcoming homozygous Ty-3 mediated resistance in tomato cultivars, which otherwise showed resistance when inoculated with agro-infectious constructs of another predominant begomovirus, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). Compared with other ToLCKV isolates, key genetic variations were detected in ORF C1, the 5' region of C2, and the intergenic region, while the viral suppressors of RNA silencing and other pathogenicity-associated genes showed evidence of adaptive evolution. Host range assays confirmed systemic infectivity in Solanaceae hosts and asymptomatic replication of the virus in multiple Cucurbitaceae hosts. Elevated temperature (35 °C) significantly enhanced viral accumulation and hastened symptom development in both susceptible (cv. Pusa Ruby) and Ty-3-based resistant cultivars (cv. Kashi Adarsh, cv. Kashi Aman), compared to ambient conditions (25 °C). Notably, no direct correlation between symptom progression and viral titres was found, suggesting that resistance breakdown under heat stress involves complex host-virus dynamics beyond viral load alone.
conclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the breakdown of Ty-3-mediated resistance by a begomovirus, together with evidence that elevated temperature exacerbates this breakdown under controlled environmental conditions. The findings of our study highlight the synergistic threat of viral evolution and climate change and emphasize the need for future research into the molecular basis of temperature-mediated resistance failure to guide the development of climate-resilient tomato cultivars.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.