ArticleScientific reports2026
Association between smartphone overdependence and alcohol and tobacco use behaviors among adolescents in Korea.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Smartphone overdependence among adolescents is rising, prompting concern about its link to alcohol and tobacco use. While adolescent substance use has been widely studied, the impact of excessive smartphone use remains unclear. This study examined the association between smartphone overdependence and alcohol and tobacco use among Korean adolescents. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2020 and 2023 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and included 107,606 adolescents (54,985 males, 52,621 females). Smartphone dependence was measured with the Adolescents' Smartphone Overdependence Scale categorizing participants as general, potential-risk, or high-risk users. Multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors, perceived health, stress, sleep duration, and academic performance. Compared with general users, potential-risk users had higher odds of alcohol consumption (Odds Ratio = 1.22; 95% Confidence Interval 1.19-1.26) and smoking (OR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.20-1.32). High-risk users showed even greater odds of alcohol use (OR = 1.65; 95% CI 1.53-1.77) and smoking (OR = 2.32; 95% CI 2.11-2.56). A dose-response relationship was observed, with greater dependence linked to earlier initiation and heavier use. These findings highlight a significant positive association and underscore the need for longitudinal research and targeted prevention strategies.
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