ArticleScientific reports2026
TRIMP and session-RPE monitoring in elite women's handball: a full-season descriptive analysis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study examined internal training-load (TL) profiles in elite female handball players from the Polish national team during the 2024/25 season, comparing athletes competing domestically and abroad. A secondary aim was to describe position-specific load patterns and derive applied observations relevant to workload management in high-performance environments. Over an 11-month competitive period, twenty players were monitored using XPS Sideline (session-RPE), Polar Team Pro and Polar Coach (heart-rate metrics, Edwards TRIMP), and the COSMED K5 system for VO₂ and HR-zone calibration. Key indicators included monotony, a platform-derived workload-ratio index, chronic load, TRIMP distribution, and session duration. The workload-ratio index was treated as a descriptive system-based indicator of short-term relative to longer-term load fluctuation and was not interpreted as a canonical acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) or against universal risk thresholds. HR-derived TRIMP and session-RPE were used as complementary indicators of internal training load, as they capture partially distinct physiological and perceptual responses to training. Mean session values were TRIMP 188.8 ± 48.6 AU, RPE 5.17 ± 1.69, duration 89.5 ± 13.9 min, and monotony 3.77 ± 0.94 AU. Middle backs displayed the highest workload-ratio values within the sample. Foreign-based wingers accumulated the greatest loads (274 AU; 33% of sessions ≥ RPE 7), while pivots showed high monotony and lower RPE despite elevated chronic load. A strong correlation (r = 0.78) supported the combined use of TRIMP and RPE for TL assessment. Descriptive differences between domestic and foreign league contexts were not uniform across all indicators. At the overall league-average level, training monotony, mean session RPE, and session duration were higher in the Polish-league group, whereas chronic load, the platform-derived workload-ratio index, and mean session TRIMP were slightly higher in the foreign-league group. Exploratory week-level inspection nevertheless suggested that selected periods associated with international competition may have involved greater short-term internal-load demands. These observations refer to different aggregation levels and should therefore not be interpreted as directly contradictory. These findings support the practical value of combining HR-derived TRIMP and session-RPE in a descriptive monitoring framework and suggest that internal-load patterns may vary according to league context, playing position, and aggregation level. The differences observed should therefore be interpreted cautiously within the constraints of an observational dataset.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.