Evaluation of toxic metal contamination and source allocation in agricultural soils of Chhattisgarh, India: multivariate and artificial network approaches.

Mohineeta Pandey, Amar Abhishek, Ankesh Tiwari, Astha Tirkey, Rashmi Dubey, Sudhir Kumar Pandey

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mohineeta PandeyDepartment of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.

Amar AbhishekMicrobiology Division, Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.

Ankesh TiwariSpace and Atmospheric Science Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.

Astha TirkeyDepartment of Botany, Government Sant Rameshwar Gahira Guruji Mahavidyalaya, Bagicha, Surguja Vishwavidyalaya, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh, 496224, India.

Rashmi DubeyDepartment of Chemistry, Lal Bahadur Shastri College, Shaheed Nandkumar Patel Vishwavidyalaya, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, 495559, India.

Sudhir Kumar PandeyDepartment of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India. skpbhu@gmail.com.

Funding

University Grants Commission NTA Ref No: 201610031349

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Heavy metal (HM) accumulation is a significant environmental concern that endangers human health and the ecosystem due to increasing natural and anthropogenic activities. This study assessed the toxicity of fourteen different HMs in the soil samples taken from the agricultural sites situated along the national highways in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. Using a range of soil indices, such as contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), ecological risk assessment (ERA), and risk index (RI), the study examined the risk associated with the HMs such as boron, aluminum, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, molybdenum, cadmium, and lead. Their potential sources of origin were assessed using multivariate statistical techniques, coupled with positive matrix factorization (PMF) and self-organizing map (SOM). The CF and I

Indexed as

Heavy metalsPositive matrix factorizationPrincipal component analysisRiskSelf organizing mapSoil

Identifiers

PMID42161989

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-50289-5

PMCPMC13392478

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.