ArticleNature communications2026
Free-form thermal cloaks in three dimensions.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Biomimetic diffusion metamaterials enabled by physical-geometric duality.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cloaking from environmental detection has been a central goal in thermal engineering. The transformation theory has predicted its existence, requiring graded and highly anisotropic material properties. Its realization with general geometry was achieved recently in the two-dimensions. However, engineering free-form omnidirectional thermal cloaks in three-dimensional (3D) space remains far from being understood. Here, we physically realize omnidirectional three-dimensional thermal cloaking with arbitrarily complex shapes via a lattice composite formed by a 3D de-homogenization approach. The composite accurately delivers graded and anisotropic 3D thermal conductivities required for cloaking and features concise, well-connected structures fabricable with additive manufacturing. Numerical and experimental investigations demonstrate the successful concealing of complex objects from multi-directional thermal detection, such as cloaking an apple inside a pear. Integration of the strategy with spherical harmonics enables creating 3D cloaks with record-breaking complexity. Our findings mark the physical realization of the transformation theory in arbitrary 3D shape and provide a general, efficient, and practical route to realizing 3D thermal meta-devices.
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