Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42159286›Full record

ReviewChemical reviews2026

Mechanochemical Methods for Amide Bond Formation.

Tatsiana Nikonovich, Christos M Chatzigiannis, Corentin Bordier, Rubén Solorzano-Rodriguez, Daniel M Baier, Florian F Ort, Riina Aav, Tom Leyssens, Daniel Blanco-Ania, Floris P J T Rutjes and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chemical reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tatsiana NikonovichDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
Christos M ChatzigiannisICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
Corentin BordierICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
Rubén Solorzano-RodriguezICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France.
Daniel M BaierIMCN/MOST, UCLouvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
Florian F OrtSynthetic Organic Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Riina AavDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0001-6571-7596
Tom LeyssensIMCN/MOST, UCLouvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0001-7916-1373
Daniel Blanco-AniaSynthetic Organic Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Floris P J T RutjesSynthetic Organic Chemistry, IMM, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-1538-3852
Dzmitry KananovichDepartment of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0002-2664-4491
Evelina ColacinoICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France.ORCID 0000-0002-1179-4913

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mechanochemical methodologies are reshaping synthetic organic chemistry by enhancing practicality and reducing environmental impact. This review presents a comprehensive account of mechanochemical methods for amide bond formation, arguably the most developed and industrially relevant area within mechanochemical organic synthesis. Covering literature from early contributions to the present (September 2025), the review organization follows key substrate classes and methodological strategies: amide bond formation via coupling of carboxylic acids or their activated derivatives with amines (Section 2), followed by unconventional approaches (Section 3) employing carboxylic acid and amine surrogates, redox chemistry, rearrangements, and transition metal-mediated reactions leading to amide products through alternative bond-forming pathways. Mechanoenzymatic transformations are treated separately (Section 4), with stereochemistry-related issues, such as the preservation of enantiomeric purity, discussed in Section 5. Section 6 highlights the use of amide bond formation as a model system for probing mechanochemical driving forces. Special attention is given to scalability and successful scale-up examples, alignment with green chemistry principles, limitations, unexplored areas, and challenges requiring further development. This review is intended as an accessible and thorough resource for synthetic chemists in both academia and industry, including those newly exploring the field of mechanochemistry, and it provides practical guidance for process optimization and scale-up.

Identifiers

PMID42159286
PMCPMC13261792

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.