ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2026
Repair Bond Strength of Milled and 3D-Printed CAD/CAM Hybrid Materials Using Different Repair Protocols: An In Vitro Study.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The effect of different CAD/CAM materials and thickness on the immediate load-bearing capacity of occlusal veneers.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid materials for milling and 3D-printing with and without thermocycling. Different repair protocols were tested. MATERIALS AND
methodsTwo milled and one experimental 3D-printed hybrid material were tested with three repair systems (MO [universal primer and dental adhesive]; GC [Repair Kit]; Voco Cimara [Repair Kit]). A total of 180 specimens were prepared (n = 60 per material). Half underwent thermocycling (30,000 cycles, 5°C-55°C), while the others were stored in distilled water (37°C). Shear bond strength was determined using a universal testing machine. Fracture modes were analyzed microscopically, and selected samples were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's and Bonferroni post hoc tests (p < 0.05).
resultsThe results of the present study showed that the choice of repair protocol and the tested material significantly influenced the shear bond strength. MO achieved the highest shear bond strength values among all tested materials before and after thermocycling. After thermocycling, only GC in combination with the experimental 3D-printed material depicted an increase in shear bond strength (12.55 → 14.51 MPa). Regarding the tested milled materials, thermocycling reduced shear bond strength across all protocols.
conclusionsShear bond strength was significantly influenced by the type of CAD/CAM material and repair protocol used. Thermocycling reduced shear bond strength in milled materials, while the 3D-printed material showed improved values with specific protocols. Clinicians should be aware that both the choice of CAD/CAM material and the repair protocol significantly affect bond strength.
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