Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42158671›Full record

ArticleTranslational pediatrics2026

Ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution versus ambroxol hydrochloride injection for pediatric lower respiratory tract infection with mucoid sputum: a multicenter, non-randomized observational study in China.

Chunlei Chen, Bing Hu, Enmei Liu, Jinhai Ma, Changshan Liu, Xiaoyan Dong, Huifen Zi, Chuangli Hao, Rongjun Lin, Xiangrong Zheng and 22 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Translational pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Chunlei ChenDepartment of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Tianjin University/Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Bing HuDepartment of Pediatrics, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun, China.
Enmei LiuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jinhai MaDepartment of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
Changshan LiuDepartment of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Xiaoyan DongDepartment of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Huifen ZiDepartment of Pediatrics, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, China.
Chuangli HaoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Rongjun LinDepartment of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Xiangrong ZhengDepartment of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.
Bingfei LiDepartment of Pediatrics, Ganzhou Women and Children's Health Care Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
Fenhua ChenDepartment of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Mei FangDepartment of Pediatrics, Xiamen Medical College Affiliated Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, China.
Weimin TianDepartment of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Zhiqiang ZhuoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Xiamen Hospital (Xiamen Children's Hospital), Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Xiamen, China.
Deyu ZhaoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Zhimin ChenDepartment of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Yuejie ZhengDepartment of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Jingyang ZhengDepartment of Respiratory Disease, Quanzhou Municipal Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China.
Yong YinDepartment of Respiratory Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Qiuyu TangDepartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Liqun WuDepartment of Pediatrics, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Li GuDepartment of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Jinzhun WuDepartment of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Liyi HeDepartment of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.
Tao AiDepartmentof Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Women and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Hanmin LiuDepartment of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Zhiying HanDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanxi Children's Hospital, Taiyuan, China.
Yunbo MoDepartment of Children's Respiratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
Zhiliang TianDepartment of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Quan LuDepartment of Pulmonology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yingxue ZouDepartment of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Tianjin University/Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mucoid sputum is common in pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and can exacerbate cough, contribute to difficulty in expectoration and dyspnea, and even cause suffocation. Although ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution [AHCHOS (or Yitanjing)] is widely used in pediatric practice, high-quality real-world evidence comparing it with conventional expectorant therapies such as ambroxol hydrochloride injection (AHI) remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of AHCHOS in pediatric patients with LRTI complicated with mucoid sputum. Methods: This multicenter, non-randomized observational study included 407 hospitalized pediatric patients with LRTI complicated by mucoid sputum across 30 institutions in China. Patients received AHCHOS (n=254) or AHI (n=153) based on clinical judgment and guardian preference. Inclusion criteria comprised age ≤14 years, confirmed LRTI diagnosis, and clinically significant sputum symptoms. Respiratory symptoms were assessed using a composite symptom score and a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and Day 7. Safety was evaluated through routine clinical monitoring, including vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory assessments. Results: The baseline features, including family history of respiratory disease (P<0.001) and type of the episode (P=0.02), differed between groups. The decline in total respiratory symptom score was greater in the AHCHOS group than in the AHI group at D7 (-4.35±2.25 Conclusions: AHCHOS was associated with improved respiratory symptom outcomes and was well tolerated in pediatric patients with LRTI complicated by mucoid sputum.

Indexed as

ambroxol hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride oral solution (AHCHOS)efficacyLower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)mucoid sputumsafety

Identifiers

PMID42158671
PMCPMC13181654

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.