ArticleResearch (Washington, D.C.)2025
Continuous Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing.
Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Slice-based additive manufacturing has been intensively investigated due to its potential in complex 3-dimensional (3D) structure construction across various fields. Current researches focus on curing surface and resin formation regulation to realize continuous printing. However, multi-material construction necessitates vat switching, compromising construction continuity. Achieving simultaneous multi-material construction within a single layer and enabling continuous multi-material construction continue to pose substantial challenges. Here, we present a continuous multi-material additive manufacturing (CMAM) approach by integrating extruding multi-liquid phases into droplet-based 3D printing system. The multi-droplet-based multi-liquid reservoir enables both 2D patterning of multi-liquid materials and their real-time curing, along with continuous resin replenishment to achieve continuous multi-material 3D construction. Additionally, extrusion parameters (extrusion number, spatial distribution, and extrusion flow rates) are controllable layer by layer, leading to controllable muti-material 3D distribution. Interfacial fusion can be controlled by adjusting printing speed and resin viscosity, leading to enhanced mechanical adhesions of 2 materials without influencing interfacial boundary precision. Increasing extrusion number can realize multi-material 3D structure construction with controlled material distribution, which can be extended to 3D structure-based anti-counterfeiting and soft robotics, guaranteeing a highly efficient and sustainable approach to multi-material 3D fabrication.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.