ArticleIndian journal of psychiatry2026
Association of nitric oxide and neurotrophin-3 with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD): A cross-sectional comparative study.
Article in Indian journal of psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of the population, with cognitive decline as a debated feature. Dysregulation of synaptic plasticity plays a key role in its pathogenesis. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), a polypeptide growth factor, and nitric oxide (NO), an intra- and inter-cellular messenger, influence synaptic plasticity. Addenbrooke's cognitive examination-III (ACE-III) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) are bedside, sensitive cognitive assessments used to evaluate cognitive function. Aim: This study aimed to explore the association of serum NO, NT-3, and cognitive performance in schizophrenia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry, at our tertiary care hospital. The study included 43 drug-naïve/free schizophrenia patients, and 43 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched controls. Cognitive assessments (ACE-III, MoCA) and estimation of serum NT-3 and NO levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed at the time of recruitment. Results: Serum NT-3 and NO levels were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients, along with decreased ACE-III and MoCA scores compared with controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum NO and NT-3 concentrations, also between ACE-III and MoCA scores. Serum NO, NT-3 levels correlated positively with cognitive scores in cases. Serum NT-3 and NO levels were significantly associated with schizophrenia, though the associations were weaker than those observed for ACE-III and MoCA. Conclusion: ACE-III and MoCA scores were strongly associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, whereas serum NT-3 and NO showed modest association. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to validate as biomarkers of cognitive decline.
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