ReviewJournal of experimental orthopaedics2026
Comparison of patellofemoral osteoarthritis between patients treated surgically or non-surgically following anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: We hypothesized that patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) are more likely to develop patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) than those with an ACL injury managed non-surgically. Study design: Systematic review and Meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies reporting PFOA assessment by radiographic or magnetic resonance imaging after ACL-R compared to non-surgical treatment of ACL injury were included. Studies involving individuals with concurrent other ligamentous or chondral injuries treated surgically were excluded to minimize bias. Results: A total of six studies were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that patients undergoing ACL-R had a significantly higher likelihood of developing PFOA compared to those who received non-surgical treatment after ACL injury (odds ratio [OR] = 2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-4.35; Conclusions: ACL-R significantly increases the likelihood of PFOA compared to non-surgical ACL treatment, especially when using BPTB autografts. Male patients demonstrated a higher association with PFOA in both groups. Targeted preventive strategies, including optimized graft selection and enhanced rehabilitation protocols, are crucial for reducing the risk of PFOA following ACL-R. Level of Evidence: Level III.
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