ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026
Adverse childhood experiences and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: the roles of depressive symptoms and teacher care.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become an increasingly prominent mental health problem during adolescence and often co-occurs with depressive symptoms, anxiety, personality-related difficulties, and experiences of childhood trauma, forming a complex psychosocial risk structure. From a risk and protective factor perspective, the present study examined the associations among adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), depressive symptoms, perceived teacher care, and NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Methods: The participants were 2,221 junior high school students from three schools in China. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire, a depression scale, and a teacher care scale. Results: Adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms were significantly positively associated with NSSI, whereas perceived teacher care was significantly negatively associated with NSSI. Higher levels of ACE exposure and more severe depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of NSSI, while higher levels of teacher care were associated with lower levels of NSSI. Moreover, among adolescents reporting higher levels of perceived teacher care, the positive associations between ACEs and NSSI and between depressive symptoms and NSSI were attenuated, suggesting that teacher care, as an external support resource in the school context, may play an important protective role. Conclusions: Adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms are important risk factors for adolescent NSSI, whereas teacher care plays a significant protective role in the school context. School-based prevention and intervention efforts should prioritize adolescents with high levels of ACE exposure and pronounced depressive symptoms, while strengthening teacher care to enhance protective resources. Future research should further explore how specific dimensions and timing of ACEs, trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multiple sources of social support jointly influence the development and maintenance of NSSI in adolescents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.