Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42158148›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Markers of neuroinflammation in the CSF of patients with difficult to treat psychiatric disease.

Jocelyn X Jiang, Artur Shvetcov, Nicole Fewings, Prudence Gatt, Suat Dervish, Justin Y Garber, Matthew Silsby, Alessandro F Fois, Stephen Duma, Sushil Bandodkar and 9 more

Abstract read
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Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Jocelyn X JiangDepartment of Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICMPR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Artur ShvetcovCentre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Nicole FewingsSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Prudence GattSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Suat DervishWestmead Research Hub, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Justin Y GarberSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Matthew SilsbySydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Alessandro F FoisSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Stephen DumaSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sushil BandodkarSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Sudarshini RamanathanSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Andrew BleaselSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Bryne JohnDepartment of Anaesthetics, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Elizabeth M ScottBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Anthony HarrisSydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Ming-Wei LinDepartment of Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICMPR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Caitlin A FinneyDouglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
David A BrownDepartment of Immunopathology, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICMPR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The immune system is recognized as participating in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease and there is renewed interest in identifying biomarkers of this immune activation. Methods: We measured serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies with other routine and novel markers of neuroinflammation, including CSF cytokines in patients with atypical psychiatric presentations of both psychotic and mood disorders (n=35). Their markers were compared with cohorts of non-inflammatory neurological disease (NIND) controls (n=18), patients with central nervous system (CNS) viral infection (n=22) and autoimmune encephalitis (AE; n=40). Results: The most common autoantibody detected in the serum of patients with psychiatric disease were anti-nuclear antibodies followed by thyroid autoantibodies. Few atypical psychiatric patients had abnormal conventional CSF markers of neuroinflammation (pleocytosis, oligoclonal bands, abnormal CSF IgG: albumin ratio). Further analysis of CSF revealed elevation of ITAC/CXCL11 in the psychiatric cohort. TARC/CCL17 was lower in the psychiatric cohort compared to other groups in a random-effects multinomial model, despite no significant differences on univariate analysis. When the values of CSF cytokines were examined in individual patients, six patients (17%) had at least one CSF cytokine greater than four standard deviations above the mean of the NIND cohort group. Extensive serological evaluation revised the diagnoses of six (17%) of our psychiatric group, and these patients' showed improvement with immunosuppression. Conclusion: Our results suggest a subset of people with atypical psychiatric disease may have a predominant immune contribution. This highlights the need for reevaluation and further consideration of differential diagnosis where patient presentations are not clinically typical, do not respond to conventional psychotropic treatment, or if other risk factors for autoimmunity are present.

Indexed as

atypical psychiatric syndromesCSFcytokineneuroinflammationtreatment resistance

Identifiers

PMID42158148
PMCPMC13180878

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.